PublicationJournal Article Biomass Enables the Transition to a Carbon-negative Power System Across Western North America

Published:
March 6, 2015
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Abstract:

Sus­tain­able bio­mass can play a trans­for­ma­tive role in the tran­si­tion to a decar­bonized econ­o­my, with poten­tial appli­ca­tions in elec­tric­i­ty, heat, chem­i­cals, and trans­porta­tion fuels. Deploy­ing bioen­er­gy with car­bon cap­ture and seques­tra­tion (BECCS) results in a net reduc­tion in atmos­pher­ic car­bon. BECCS may be one of the few cost-effec­tive car­bon-neg­a­tive oppor­tu­ni­ties avail­able should anthro­pogenic cli­mate change be worse than antic­i­pat­ed or emis­sions reduc­tions in oth­er sec­tors prove par­tic­u­lar­ly dif­fi­cult 4 5. Pre­vi­ous work, pri­mar­i­ly using Inte­grat­ed Assess­ment Mod­els (IAMs), has iden­ti­fied the crit­i­cal role of BECCS in long-term (pre- or post-2100 time­frames) cli­mate change mit­i­ga­tion, but has not inves­ti­gat­ed the role of BECCS in pow­er sys­tems in detail, or in aggres­sive time­frames , even though com­mer­cial-scale facil­i­ties are start­ing to be deployed in the trans­porta­tion sec­tor . Here, we explore the eco­nom­ic and deploy­ment impli­ca­tions for BECCS in the elec­tric­i­ty sys­tem of West­ern North Amer­i­ca under aggres­sive (pre-2050) time­frames and car­bon emis­sions lim­i­ta­tions, with rich tech­nol­o­gy rep­re­sen­ta­tion and phys­i­cal con­straints. We show that BECCS, com­bined with aggres­sive renew­able deploy­ment and fos­sil emis­sion reduc­tions, can enable a car­bon-neg­a­tive pow­er sys­tem in West­ern North Amer­i­ca by 2050 with up to 145% emis­sions reduc­tion from 1990 lev­els. In most sce­nar­ios, the off­sets pro­duced by BECCS are found to be more valu­able to the pow­er sys­tem than the elec­tric­i­ty it pro­vides. Advanced bio­mass pow­er gen­er­a­tion employs sim­i­lar sys­tem design to advanced coal tech­nol­o­gy, enabling a tran­si­tion strat­e­gy to low-car­bon energy.

Main Menu
RAEL Info

Energy & Resources Group
310 Barrows Hall
University of California
Berkeley, CA 94720-3050
Phone: (510) 642-1640
Fax: (510) 642-1085
Email: ergdeskb@berkeley.edu


Projects

  • Open the Main Menu
  • People at RAEL

  • Open the Main Menu